National Sports Day in Qatar - Extent to Which the Event Is Attended, Research Proposal

Essays on National Sports Day in Qatar - Extent to Which the Event Is Attended, the Interests, Likes, and Dislikes of Participants Research Proposal The paper â€Å"National Sports Day in Qatar - Extent to Which the Event Is Attended, the Interests, Likes, and Dislikes of Participants† is an  intriguing version research proposal on marketing. The report is about the National sports day in Qatar since Qatar is the sports capital of the world. The report looks into the various ways that the government can undertake to ensure that every Qatari participates and is proud of the National sports day. The report also looks at the various environmental factors affecting the sports day. The Qatar government seeks to be the sports capital and would like more Qatari people involved in sports and fitness. The report also targets to increase the number of people engaged in sports with regard to the ever-increasing population in Qatar. The report also looks at other competitive activities that people engage in other than sports, and their advantages and limitations.The management decision problem is how to increase the level of partici pation in the National sports day programs among young adults between the ages of 19 and 25. The marketing research problem is how to create and increase awareness of the national sports day through aggressive advertising and conducting online surveys in schools and malls among teenagers and gather information concerning youth interests aimed at reaching out to the target audience and increasing the attendance of the sports day.Information to be gathered using primary research:The population of the participants aged between 19 and 25 in the national sports day.The extent to which the national sports day is attended and prioritized by the population.The interests of participation by the population in the event.The likes and dislikes of the sports day by the participants and population in the country.The level or extent of awareness by the population about the event.The level of participation or engagement in the event.The views and opinions of the population regarding the sports day. The frequency of participation by the population of the national sports day.  The method of primary research that I recommend using is Questionnaires. This is because they give the respondent complete freedom of response and permit a greater depth of response (Fowler, 2009). They are also easier to administer and simple to formulate. Also, the respondent’s responses may give an insight into his or her feelings, background, hidden motives, interest and decisions (Zikmund, 2003).The research processAfter identifying the problem, questionnaires are formulated in short; easy and simple words and the objectives to be accomplished are included in the questionnaires.The items and pages in a questionnaire are numbered and brief and clear instruction is included.Information to be obtained from the questionnaire is analyzed and items stated as positively as possible.The layout of the questionnaire is organized in such a way that it is easy to complete.The questionnaire is unbiased an d arranged in a logical order.A sample selection of the population is done and given the questionnaires to fill out in a stipulated time duration.The questionnaires are collected later and an analysis is made to report the findings gathered from the population sample and implement the findings.In most cases, a follow-up letter is sent after a questionnaire has been given out to request the subjects to respond to the questionnaire on a specific deadline date (Saunders, 2003).

Sonnet 104 Free Essays

Essay: Sonnet 104 Sonnet 104 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English poet William Shakespeare. It’s a member of the Fair Youth sequence, in which the poet expresses his love towards a fair friend. Each stanza expresses Shakespeare’s relationship with his beloved. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 104 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sonnet deals with the destructive forces of time as humans grow older and makes a commentary on the process of aging. In the first quatrain, the poet focuses on his beloved, exploring the theme of beauty and aging. The very beginning of the quatrain begins with â€Å"To me†, and in the second line, ends with â€Å"eye I eyed. These two phrases signified that what he was writing was from his own perspective. The poet did not consider the opinion of the reader and later in the quatrain, continues this theme when he states, â€Å"Such seems† in the third line. This quatrain was a commentary on the beauty of his beloved friend. The poet acknowledges that this is his perspective; yet he does not acknowledge the perspective of anyone else. These lines also discuss that his beloved friend is as beautiful as when they first met and that his opinion of beauty is not judged upon the reader. In the second quatrain, the poet focuses on time passing the significance of evolution. This theme progresses with the continual mentioning of seasons. The poet wants to emphasize the three years that have passed. The natural cycle between seasons emphasizes the time passing. â€Å"Summers pride† gives way to â€Å"winters cold†, â€Å"beauteous springs† give way to â€Å"yellow autumn†, and April perfumes make way to the â€Å"hot Junes burnd†. This is not only a commentary on how much time has passed, but also a commentary on how beauty can fade. As stated in the phrases listed above, the changes in seasons always lead to a different landscape. With this evolution, it is only natural that beauty fades. However, the poet makes is blatantly clear in the eighth line that his beloved never changes. This last line of the quatrain shows that his beloved is a fresh beauty. The use of the words â€Å"green† and â€Å"fresh† signify his beloved’s youthfulness and prove that he has defied nature. This breaking of the cycle proves to be a powerful use of language and diction. In the third quatrain, the poet recognizes that his beliefs are unnatural, and creates a shift in the sonnet. The ninth line instigates the shift once the poet writes, â€Å"Ah, yet†. This sign tone and shift in perception help him come to a realization. This recognition proves that the poet is fooling himself about his friend’s beauty. The â€Å"dial-hand† mentioned in the ninth line signifies that even though his beloved friend is actually aging, he only sees him to be beautiful. This metaphor is a perfect representation of his perception of beauty. As the quatrain continues he explains that his eye deceives him of reality. Like a clock hand moves slowly, he slowly recognizes reality. In conclusion, sonnet 104 is a commentary on the poet’s perception versus reality. The poet ends the sonnet by announcing that no one, after he and his beloved die, could ever understand what beauty really is. The height of beauty was when his fair friend lived. Beauty was and will always be understood as a part of his writing. Though his friend may not be living, his beauty still lies within the poet’s literature. How to cite Sonnet 104, Essay examples

Importance of Decision Making Of a Company-Free-Sample for Students

Questions: 1.How much of the information which he had gathered was really relevant to the Decision? 2.What was the best approach to assessing the Economic worth of the proposal? 3.Cash was particularly limited this year and acceptance of this project could mean that other projects would have to be deferred. How should this be taken into consideration? 4.How should the Strategic factors be assessed? Answers: Introduction George Panios is appointed as the finance manager of the Delphi Cones and Tubes Plc and has been entrusted with 24 hours to ascertain the profit projections of the accountant and needs to recommend a plan within 24 hours. Various discussions from the meeting needs to be taken into consideration for the purpose of decision making. Since, it is a machine it needs to be studied from the perspective of the life span and useful year. It is clearly mentioned that the machine can raise only 20,000 at the end of the period. Further, the opening stock in the initial year will be acquired at the same time with the machine. The details says that the depreciation of the machine will be done over six years on the straight line basis. 1.The new machine namely Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) milling machine has a capital cost of 2, 40,000. The company needs to consider a lot of important issues before making such a huge investment. The investment in this new machine and the project to be undertaken has a lot of factors that need to be considered such as the alternate use of machinery, its expected useful life, availability of parts of such machinery etc. The information gathered by Mr. George is scattered although most of the information is relevant. The relevant information can be summed up in following points: The initial capital cost for purchasing the new machinery will be 2,40,000. The machinery is not useable for any other project. At the end of the project, it is estimated to realize only 20,000. The machine is to be depreciated as per straight line basis method in six years. Fixed overheads are known. The additional expenses on advertising and publicity are known if the new machinery is put to use in the new project (Porter Norton, 2014). Further, the launch of the new project will reduce the sale of another project by 60,000 annually. Apart from the information above, other information is also available which includes the rate of return, a recommendation from the chief manager, the margins expected for net profit and gross profit, etc. The information available with Mr. George is material but at the same time, the projections given by the accountant seem unrealistic. The reason is that the flow of sales in the 4th year has been shown as falling drastically. Moreover, the expenses also are showing a dissimilar trend in the year after 1st year. Mr. George is advised to compile all the information himself in order to analyze the profitability and the production capacity of the new machine and new project. This will help in proving concrete information and aims to provide to provide better information that will aid in the process of decision making (Porter Norton, 2014). 2.The company used discounted payback method to assess the economic worth of the proposal. Although, it is a good method to know that when the company will be able to recover the amount that has been invested by the company in the new proposal. The discounted payback period method does not include non-financial factors like employees honesty and punctuality. Such factors play an important role and hence, needs to be ascertained properly. But, there are few inherent limitations of payback methods due to which it cannot be solely taken as the only approach to economic worth assessment. These limitations should also be kept in mind by the management while assessing the product viability. The management should use these methods in combination with traditional methods of measuring project profitability (Davies Crawford, 2012). Using the method in combination will provide a better result and deriving at a conclusion will be easier. The limitations are that it does not take into consideration time value of money while taking into accounts the inflows and outflows of the upcoming years. Further, this method does not consider the cash inflows that are estimated after the payback period and hence this method does not accurately calculate the overall profitability of the proposal (Brigham Daves, 2012). Hence, the payback method should be used in combination with other methods of appraisal such as IRR, NPV, Profitability Index, etc. as also suggested by Mr. George. This method is more worthy and a modern day technique which gives us a new prospect at looking at the product. The product is to be analyzed at all prospects like profitability, break-even, the age of the product, scrap value and payback period (Peirson et. al, 2015). The other discounted cash flow methods should also be used in combination with payback method due to its following merits The discounted cash flow methods consider the time value of money while calculating the profitability of a proposal. This is a very important thing to consider because the inflows and outflows of cash during the tenure of the project cannot bear the same value of money as it bears today (Williams, 2012). Hence, the cash flows should be brought to the present value first so that they can be compared with the capital investments being done at the initial stage of the project. This can be done using the discounted cash flow techniques only (Petty et. al, 2012). These methods help in making comparisons easy among the different projects which are dissimilar with regard to time period, cash inflows, initial investment, etc. These methods help in quick and easy decision making. These methods are important in analyzing the project and find out the project feasibility. This method is latest and up to date techniques. These methods do not assume traditional methodology (Needles Powers, 2013). Hence modern day managers prefer these over old methods. 3.The product has a 4-year life so we have to analyze whether the cash outflow on the machine is able to generate some profit over its lifespan. The accountant has not considered the scrap the product shall arise after the end of 4 years. The product life has been taken at 4 years and the depreciation calculation shall be revised and calculated as below: New depreciation: 240-20 / 4 = 55 It will increase the depreciation by 15 which has been incorporated in the chart shown below. Also, fixed overheads have already been expensed and it shall in the case be incurred even if the product is not purchased, hence it shall be ignored i.e. 20% of total labor costs every year which has been included in other production expenses. This cost should not be included again in the product expenses as these are incurred for the new product (Northington, 2011). The accountant has also not considered the scrap value of 20,000 and annual benefits of 16000 . Both the scrap value and the annual benefits have been included in the profit loss statement. We have below incorporated all the financial changes in the arrived profits of four years. These recommendations have been added or deducted as per its treatment. Profit Loss Statement (revised) Particulars 2018 2019 2020 2021 Profit (96) (48) 72 (16) Less: Depreciation 15 15 15 15 Add: Fixed Overheads 20% 16 24 24 16 Add: Scrap Sale 20 Add: Cash Benefits 16 16 16 16 Less: Rate of Return 10% 24 24 24 24 Total (83) (47) 73 (23) The product figures have revealed that there are continuous losses even after the changes have been made the organization. The loss means that the management should not take up the project. The project is not able to produce profits even after reviewing and revising the figures. Hence it is clearly evident that project is loss making project (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2011). The opportunity cost of losing sales of another product shall further increase the loss of the product, so the product should not be purchased. The company is also facing a cash crunch in their company financials so it is more important for the company to preserve its cash reserve. The company shall have to pay interest on the loan which is to be taken to purchase the product. The company can save on these interest payments, which shall not be paid if the loan is not taken. The suggestion to the company is that the product should not be purchased as it is a loss making venture. The cash availability can be increased by utilizing the available resources in the organization. The cash has been carefully spent and should be preserved. The tax payments also require cash so its availability should be kept well in advance. The management has to cut down its cash expenses and increase cash revenues in the company (Correia et. al, 2005). Cash has multi-dimensional users in the organization for entire payments and capital expenditure. Before setting up the strategy of the organization, the goals, external environment, available resources, and organizational structure and history should be understood and accordingly be strategies should be developed. These are the most important factors to be kept in mind by the strategy makers. These factors are primarily important for the success of the organization in long term (Brealey et. al, 2011). The strategic factors should be based on the whether the opportunity cost of product or project was undertaken is able to be covered by the product or project revenues. The strategy of the top management should be both short term and long term oriented so that both profits and break even may be achieved (Brealey et. al, 2015). Initially, the product/project should be able to cover its cost i.e. break even (cost= revenue) and gradually the product/project should gain profits. The strategy factors should be carefully able to judge the life of the product/project which afterward shall be scrapped. The organization should see whether taking up the new venture effects its existing capacity is utilized or whether existing capacity is to be released. Hence the strategy of the organization is to be maximizing its profits at lowest costs. The cost benefits analysis is also one of the strategy factors to be kept in mind (Parrino et. al, 2012). The organization shall be able to gain the minimum risk-free rate which is available in form of treasury or government bond rates. In case the project is able to earn risk-free rate, the project can be undertaken (Shah, 2013). The project is to be analyzed on the basis of NPV criteria which say that the yearly revenues can be discounted at a predetermined rate and it should be matched with probable initial outflow and in case the result is positive the project is viable and can be pursued further Conclusion From the above report, it is evident that the project needs to be evaluated on the basis of the NPV criteria because there are various advantages associated with the project. The major benefit that can be attained is that the yearly revenue can be discounted. Ratio analysis should also be done while considering strategic factors. Ratios such as current ratio, net profit ratio, gross profit ratio, interest coverage ratio, debt service ratio etc should be calculated and taken into consideration while assessing the profitability of the new venture in its entire tenure. Therefore, the decision making should not be done considering a single factor and must be done with the aid of various factors. In the above case, NPV is selected to attain the result and in this scenario, if the result is positive then the project is viable and can be pursued further. References Brealey, R. A, Myers, S. A Marcus, A. J., 2015. Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 8th ed. Australia: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Brealey, R, Myers, S Allen, F 2011, Principles of corporate finance, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Brigham, E. Daves, P 2012, Intermediate Financial Management , USA: Cengage Brigham, E.F. Ehrhardt, M.C 2011, Financial Management: Theory and Practice, USA: Cengage Learning. Correia, C, Mayall, P, O'Grady, B Pang, J 2005, Corporate Financial Management, 2nd ed. Perth: Skystone Investments Pty Ltd. Davies, T Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Needles, B.E. Powers, M 2013, Principles of Financial Accounting, Financial Accounting Series: Cengage Learning. Northington, S 2011, Finance, New York, NY: Ferguson's. Parrino, R, Kidwell, D Bates, T 2012, Fundamentals of corporate finance, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Peirson, G, Brown, R., Easton, S, Howard, P Pinder, S 2015, Business Finance, 12th ed., North Ryde: McGraw-Hill Australia. Petty, J. W, Titman, S., Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D., Burrow, M Nguyen, H., 2012, Financial Management: Principles and Applications, 6th ed., Australia: Pearson Education Australia. Porter, G Norton, C 2014, Financial Accounting: The Impact on Decision Maker, Texas: Cengage Learning Shah, P 2013, Financial Accounting, London: Oxford University Press Williams, J 2012, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Riordan Manufacturing Essay Example

Riordan Manufacturing Essay Riordan Manufacturing has production plants located in Albany, GA, Pontiac, MI, and their overseas plant in Hangzhouz, China. Each location is responsible for different production lines and inventory. The Research and Development department is located in San Jose, CA, Riordans headquarters. Riordan Manufacturings Vice President (VP) of Operations has a service request for an implementation of a Manufacturing Resource Plan (MRP) among Riordans three plants into one system. This request will make it easier to maintain the inventory of raw materials and inished products (Apollo Group, Inc. 2013). An MRP will improve the current computer systems. The VP of Operations, Mark Neitzel, made a request for the system. The system includes Inventor Oversight, which is broken into two components: The Inventory PC and the Customer Shipping and Billing. The further breakdown of the system needs to track all incoming raw materials, the manufacturing of product followed by product inventory, the ship ping of all products to clients, and the billing of clients. The system is broken down into workflows performed daily by each plant. Incoming raw materials workflow. 1. The Supply truck arrives at Receiving Dock with raw materials 2. The Dock Supervisor compares shipping documents against scheduled incoming orders 3. Once orders are concurred, the receiving team unloads truck and moves raw materials into the factory. 4. At the end of the day, the Dock Supervisor gives the log of all received materials to the Receiving Clerk. 5. The Receiving Clerk enters the nformation into the Inventory PC: the type of raw materials, vendor, and quantity. Manufacturing/Product inventory workflow. 1. The Manufacturing Staff completes inventory usage form indicating the type and quantity of raw materials used for manufacturing and assembly 2. The Inventory Clerk enters the information from the usage form into the PC. 3. After manufacturing is complete, manufacturing staff fills out inventory form. 4. Inventory clerk enters the forms information into the PC along with Bill of Materials (80M). Product shipping workflow. Orders from customers arrive by phone, fax, or sales staff and are recorded onto sales order forms. 2. The Sales Orders information from forms are entered into Customer Shipping and Billing System. 3. The Shipping Staff load trucks with products specified by the shipping document generated daily by the Customer Shipping and Billing System (Bill of Materials-BOM) (ADempiere, 2011). 4. Inventory clerk updates the Sipping Documents into the Inventory PC based on the shipping documents. Riordan Manufacturing By makemoves2014 We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Major General Joseph Hooker in the Civil War

Major General Joseph Hooker in the Civil War Born November 13, 1814, at Hadley, MA, Joseph Hooker was the son of local store owner Joseph Hooker and Mary Seymour Hooker. Raised locally, his family came from old New England stock and his grandfather had served as a captain during the American Revolution. After receiving his early education at Hopkins Academy, he decided to pursue a military career. With the assistance of his mother and his teacher, Hooker was able to gain the attention of Representative George Grennell who provided an appointment to the United State Military Academy. Arriving at West Point in 1833, Hookers classmates included Braxton Bragg, Jubal A. Early, John Sedgwick, and John C. Pemberton. Advancing through the curriculum, he proved an average student and graduated four years later ranked 29th in a class of 50. Commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 1st US Artillery, he was sent to Florida to fight in the Second Seminole War. While there, the regiment took part in several minor engagements and had to endure challenges from the climate and environment. Mexico With the beginning of the Mexican-American War in 1846, Hooker was assigned to the staff of Brigadier General Zachary Taylor. Taking part in the invasion of northeast Mexico, he received a brevet promotion to captain for his performance at the Battle of Monterrey. Transferred to the army of Major General Winfield Scott, he took part in the siege of Veracruz and the campaign against Mexico City. Again serving as a staff officer, he consistently displayed coolness under fire. In the course of the advance, he received additional brevet promotions to major and lieutenant colonel. A handsome young officer, Hooker began to develop a reputation as a ladies man while in Mexico and was often referred to as the Handsome Captain by the locals. Between the Wars In the months after the war, Hooker had a falling out with Scott. This was the result of Hooker supporting Major General Gideon Pillow against Scott at the formers court-martial. The case saw Pillow accused of insubordination following refusal to revise exaggerated after-action reports and then sending letters to the New Orleans Delta. As Scott was the US Armys senior general, Hookers actions had long-term negative consequences for his career and he left the service in 1853. Settling in Sonoma, CA, he began working as a developer and farmer. Overseeing 550-acre farm, Hooker grew cordwood with limited success. Increasingly unhappy with these pursuits, Hooker turned to drinking and gambling. He also tried his hand at politics but was defeated in an attempt to run for the state legislature. Tired of civilian life, Hooker applied to Secretary of War John B. Floyd in 1858 and asked to be reinstated as a lieutenant colonel. This request was denied and his military activities were limited to a colonelcy in the California militia. An outlet for his military aspirations, he oversaw its first encampment in Yuba County. The Civil War Begins With the outbreak of the Civil War, Hooker found himself lacking the money to travel east. Staked by a friend, he made the trip and immediately offered his services to the Union. His initial efforts were rebuffed and he was forced to watch the First Battle of Bull Run as a spectator. In the wake of the defeat, he wrote an impassioned letter to President Abraham Lincoln and was appointed as a brigadier general of volunteers in August 1861. Quickly moving from brigade to division command, he aided Major General George B. McClellan in organizing the new Army of the Potomac. With the beginning of the Peninsula Campaign in early 1862, he commanded the 2nd Division, III Corps. Advancing up the Peninsula, Hookers division took part in the Siege of Yorktown in April and May. During the siege, he earned a reputation for looking after his men and seeing to their welfare. Performing well at the Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, Hooker was promoted to major general effective that date though he felt slighted by his superiors after action report.   Fighting Joe It was during his time on the Peninsula that Hooker earned the nickname Fighting Joe. Disliked by Hooker who thought it made him sound like a common bandit, the name was the result of a typographical error in a Northern newspaper. Despite the Union reverses during the Seven Days Battles in June and July, Hooker continued shine on the battlefield. Transferred north to Major General John Popes Army of Virginia, his men took part in the Union defeat at Second Manassas in late August. On September 6, he was given command of III Corps, which was redesignated I Corps six days later. As General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia moved north into Maryland, it was pursued by Union troops under McClellan. Hooker first led his corps in battle on September 14 when it fought well at South Mountain. Three days later, his men opened the fighting at the Battle of Antietam and engaged Confederate troops under Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson. In the course of the fighting, Hooker was wounded in the foot and had to be taken from the field. Recovering from his wound, he returned to the army to find that Major General Ambrose Burnside had replaced McClellan. Given command of a Grand Division consisting of III and V Corps, his men took heavy losses that December at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Long a vocal critic of his superiors, Hooker relentlessly attacked Burnside in the press and in the wake of the latters failed Mud March in January 1863 these intensified. Though Burnside intended to remove his adversary, he was prevented from doing so when he himself was relieved by Lincoln on January 26. In Command To replace Burnside, Lincoln turned to Hooker due to his reputation for aggressive fighting and chose to overlook the generals history of outspokenness and hard living. Assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, Hooker worked tirelessly to improve the conditions for his men and improve morale. These were largely successful and he was well-liked by his soldiers. Hookers plan for the spring called for a large-scale cavalry raid to disrupt the Confederate supply lines while he took the army on a sweeping flanking march to strike Lees position at Fredericksburg in the rear. While the cavalry raid was largely a failure, Hooker succeeded in surprising Lee and gained an early advantage in the Battle of Chancellorsville. Though successful, Hooker began to lose his nerve as the battle continued and assumed an increasingly defensive posture. Taken in the flank by an audacious attack by Jackson on May 2, Hooker was forced back. The next day, at the height of the fighting, he was injured when the pillar he was leaning against was struck by a cannonball. Initially knocked unconscious, he was incapacitated most of the day but refused to cede command. Recovering, he was compelled to retreat back across the Rappahannock River. Having defeated Hooker, Lee began moving north to invade Pennsylvania. Directed to screen Washington and Baltimore, Hooker followed though he first suggested a strike on Richmond. Moving north, he got into a dispute over defensive arrangements at Harpers Ferry with Washington and impulsively offered his resignation in protest. Having increasingly lost confidence in Hooker, Lincoln accepted and appointed Major General George G. Meade to replace him. Meade would lead the army to victory at Gettysburg a few days later. Goes West In the wake of Gettysburg, Hooker was transferred west to the Army of the Cumberland along with the XI and XII Corps. Serving under Major General Ulysses S. Grant, he quickly regained his reputation as an effective commander at the Battle of Chattanooga. During these operations, his men won the Battle of Lookout Mountain on November 23 and took part in the larger fighting two days later. In April 1864, XI and XII Corps were consolidated into XX Corps under Hookers command. Serving in the Army of the Cumberland, XX Corps performed well during Major General William T. Shermans drive against Atlanta. On July 22, the commander of the Army of the Tennessee, Major General James McPherson, was killed at the Battle of Atlanta and replaced by Major General Oliver O. Howard. This incensed Hooker as he was senior and blamed Howard for the defeat at Chancellorsville. Appeals to Sherman were in vain and Hooker asked to be relieved. Departing Georgia, he was given command of the Northern Department for the remainder of the war. Later Life Following the war, Hooker remained in the army. He retired in 1868 as a major general after suffering a stroke that left him partially paralyzed. After spending much of his retired life around New York City, he died on October 31, 1879, while visiting Garden City, NY. He was buried at Spring Grove Cemetery in his wifes, Olivia Groesbeck, hometown of Cincinnati, OH. Though known for his hard drinking and wild lifestyle, the magnitude of Hookers personal escapades is a subject of much debate among his biographers.

Biography of Elijah McCoy, American Inventor

Biography of Elijah McCoy, American Inventor Elijah McCoy (May 2, 1844–October 10, 1929) was an African-American inventor who received more than 50 patents for his inventions during his lifetime. His most famous invention was a cup that fed lubricating oil to machine bearings through a small tube. Machinists and engineers who wanted genuine McCoy lubricators might have used the expression the real McCoy- a term meaning the real deal or the genuine article. Fast Facts: Elijah McCoy Known For: McCoy was an African-American inventor who improved steam engine technology by designing an automatic lubricator.Born: May 2, 1844 in Colchester, Ontario, CanadaParents: George and Mildred McCoyDied: October 10, 1929 in Detroit, MichiganAwards and Honors: National Inventors Hall of FameSpouse(s): Ann Elizabeth Stewart (m. 1868-1872), Mary Eleanor Delaney (m.1873-1922) Early Life Elijah McCoy was born on May 2, 1844, in Colchester, Ontario, Canada. His parents- George and Mildred McCoy- were former slaves who had fled Kentucky for Canada on the Underground Railroad. George McCoy enlisted in the British forces, and in return, he was awarded 160 acres of land for his service. When Elijah was 3, his family moved back to the U.S. and settled in Detroit, Michigan. They later moved to Ypsilanti, Michigan, where George opened a tobacco business. Elijah had 11 brothers and sisters. Even as a young child, he enjoyed playing with tools and machines and experimenting with different ways to fix and improve them. Career At the age of 15, McCoy left the United States for a mechanical engineering apprenticeship in Edinburgh, Scotland. After becoming certified, he returned to Michigan to pursue a position in his field. However, McCoy- like other African-Americans at the time- faced racial discrimination that prevented him from earning a position appropriate to his level of education. The only job he could find was that of a locomotive fireman and oiler for the Michigan Central Railroad. The fireman on a train was responsible for fueling the steam engine and the ​oiler lubricated the engines moving parts as well as the trains axles and bearings. Because of his training, McCoy was able to identify and solve the problems of engine lubrication and overheating. At that time, trains needed to periodically stop and be lubricated to prevent overheating. McCoy developed a lubricator for steam engines that did not require the train to stop. His automatic lubricator used steam pressure to pump oil wherever it was needed. McCoy received a patent for this invention in 1872, the first of many he would receive for his improvements to steam engine lubricators. These advancements improved transit by allowing trains to travel farther without pausing for maintenance and re-oiling. McCoys device not only improved train systems; versions of the lubricator eventually appeared in oil-drilling and mining equipment and construction and factory tools. According to the patent, it did so by provid[ing] for the continuous flow of oil on the gears and other moving parts of a machine in order to keep it lubricated properly and continuous and thereby do away with the necessity of shutting down the machine periodically. As a result, the lubricator improved efficiency in a variety of fields. In 1868, Elijah McCoy married Ann Elizabeth Stewart, who died four years later. A year later, McCoy married his second wife, Mary Eleanora Delaney. The couple had no children. McCoy continued to improve upon his automatic lubricator design and make designs for new devices. Railroad and shipping lines began using McCoy’s new lubricators and the Michigan Central Railroad promoted him to an instructor in the use of his new inventions. Later, McCoy became a consultant to the railroad industry on patent matters. McCoy also obtained patents for some of his other inventions, including an ironing board and a lawn sprinkler, which he had designed to reduce the work involved in his household tasks. In 1922, McCoy and his wife Mary were in a car accident. Mary later died from her injuries, and McCoy experienced severe health problems for the rest of his life, complicating his professional obligations. The Real McCoy The expression the real McCoy- meaning the real thing (not a fake or inferior copy)- is a popular idiom among English-speakers. Its exact etymology is unknown. Some scholars believe it comes from the Scottish the real McKay, which first appeared in a poem in 1856. Others believe the expression was first used by railroad engineers looking for the real McCoy system, i.e. a lubricator equipped with Elijah McCoys automatic drip cup rather than a poor knockoff. Whatever the true etymology, the expression has been associated with McCoy for some time. In 2006, Andrew Moodie developed a play based on the inventors life called The Real McCoy. Death In 1920, McCoy opened his own company, the Elijah McCoy Manufacturing Company, to produce his products himself rather than licensing his designs to existing companies (many of the products he designed did not feature his name). Unfortunately, McCoy suffered in his later years, enduring a financial, mental, and physical breakdown that landed him in the hospital. He died on October 10, 1929, from senile dementia caused by hypertension after spending a year in the Eloise Infirmary in Michigan. McCoy was buried in Detroit Memorial Park East in Warren, Michigan. Legacy McCoy was widely admired for his ingenuity and accomplishments, especially in the African-American community. Booker T. Washington- an African-American educator and leader- cited McCoy in his Story of the Negro as the African-American inventor with the greatest number of patents. In 2001, McCoy was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. A historical marker stands outside his old workshop in Ypsilanti, Michigan, and the Elijah J. McCoy Midwest Regional U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in Detroit was named in his honor. Sources Asante, Molefi Kete.  100 Greatest African Americans: a Biographical Encyclopedia. Prometheus Books, 2002.Sluby, Patricia Carter.  The Inventive Spirit of African Americans: Patented Ingenuity. Praeger, 2008.Towle, Wendy, and Wil Clay.  The Real McCoy: the Life of an African-American Inventor. Scholastic, 1995.

Managing across Cultures individual report Essay

Managing across Cultures individual report - Essay Example As a result of its influence, culture management across organizations has started getting importance in business terms and is currently the one of the most evaluated subject for business analysts researchers and. In the present study culture will be studied with respect to its various dimensions researched by known people. Few of the organizational behaviour and cultural theories will also be discussed in detail Critical analysis of theory and research Culture plays a major role in characterizing the environmental context in which firms operate and decide, chose strategies and structures. A culture essentially consists of the expectations, experiences, philosophies and values ingrained and the elemental brinks which holds an organization or an association together (Bennett, Aston and Colquhoun, 2000). In broader terms organizational culture comprises of visions, norms, working languages, systems, beliefs, symbols and habits. Since individuals work together in an organization as a tea m with a common goal of completing the job, the culture created in a firm will help the team members in understanding each other more successfully (Olsonand Kroeger, 2001). Hofstede defines culture as â€Å"the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from others† (Hofstede et al., 1990). ... ee individuals are integrated with groups Masculinity and Femininity (MAS) - Masculinity represents society’s preference towards heroism, achievement, assertiveness as well as material rewards. On the other hand, Femininity refers preferring modesty, cooperation and care for underprivileged and weak and improving quality of life. Society is both competitive and consensus oriented (Hofstede and McCrae, 2004). Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) - it is the tolerance of a society towards ambiguity and uncertainty. It expresses the tendency of feeling uncomfortable with risks and unexpected changes. countries showing strong UI have rigid belief codes while weak UI society have more tranquil attitudes where practice is given more preference than principles Long term and Short term orientation- long term orientation refers to the society and their individual’s explore for virtues. On the other hand, short term orientation refers to preference for absolute truth. They are normative t hinkers and exhibit respect for traditions. Another model of cultural dimensions was given by Trompenaars. He classified cultures according to a mix of value and behavioral patterns. The research was particularly focused on business executives. Seven value orientations were evaluated. The seven dimensions were particularism versus universalism, individualism versus communitarians, emotional versus neutral, specific versus diffuse, ascription versus achievement, nature-human relationship and nature-time relationship. Trompennar’s work primarily focuses on sociology and includes two measurements for attitudes which were environment and time. Researchers have divided Trompennars theory into two different aspects. There are three ways to handle cultural problems and five individual dimensions. Edward